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Dandruff
it is a non inflamatory condition with increased scaling on the scalp. This increase the shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp is known as dandruff. The dry scalp condition is white in color and usally found over the entire scalp. On the normal scalp, approximately 4,87,000 cells/sq.cm can be found after a detergent scurb, scalp affected with dandruff liberate up to 8,00,000 cells/ sq.cm.

Symptoms
The most common symptom of dandruff is scaling. Itching is occasionally present. The small white flakes are further scattered over the hair shaft and shoulders by scratching, brushing or combing.

There are two types of dandruff - dry scalp dandruff and oily scalp dandruff.
The reasons for dry scalp dandruff are:

    Excessive use of hair sprays and gels
    Improper use of hair colouring products
    Excessive use of hot hair dryer
    Cold weather and indoor heating
    Tight fitting hats and scarves
    Frequent shampooing of the hair
    Stress anxiety and tension

Causes of oily scalp, dandruff:
Pityrosporum ovale  (organism present in sebum)
Atmospheric humidity
Stress
The condition may remain as minor irritation throughout a persons life. As a result of the patchy scaling, the scalp reacts to the scruff by secreting in fluid which causes the scales to stick to the scalp and have a yellowish and waxy appearance. The condition may spread to the adjacent areas of the head, midline of the head to the front of the chest and back.

Management
Anti-dandruff shampoo to be used twice in a week for 4 to 8 weeks. Once the dandruff is under control maintences is dine once a week to prevent relapse.
Tar shampoos are used in severe cases. Tar inhibits epidermal proliferation
Topical corticoteroid lotion or foam is used in extensive inflammatory lesions for 2 weeks

Systemic antifungals can be given in severe cases.

Procedural treatments
Salicylic Peel in severe cases done once in 2 weeks for 2-4 sessions
High Frequency using anti dandruff solution to reduce sebum production and excess cell turnover, weekly sessons  for 10-12 sessions
Galavanic / Electroporation using anti dandruff solution and other serums to reduce infection and scaling.